Hypoglycemic, Hypolipidemic, and Antioxidant Effect of Allium sativum in Daily Consumable Dosage in High-fat Diet and Streptozotocin-induced Type 2 Diabetic Model of Rats

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of daily consumable dosage of garlic on type 2 diabetic male rats. Materials and Methods: Charles foster male rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, obese, fed with high-fat diet (HFD), diabetic fed with HFD followed by intraperitoneal streptozotocin treatment-35 mg/kg body weight; and diabetic rats fed with garlic (60 mg/day). Anthropometric and blood parameters were measured at 7 th , 14 th , 21 st , and 28 th days. Results: The food intake, water consumption, and body weight were significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) reduced in the garlic-treated rats as compared to the diabetic rats on the 28 th day. After 28 th day, the levels of triglyceride and total cholesterol declined significantly ( P ≤ 0.05), while high-density lipid levels increased in the garlic-treated group as compared to the diabetic group ( P ≤ 0.05). Blood glucose levels were significantly reduced at 30 min and 120 min of oral glucose tolerance test in garlic garlic-treated group. The activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and reduced glutathione (GSH) were significantly higher in the garlic-treated group compared to the diabetic group ( P ≤ 0.05) on the 28 th day. Glutathione peroxidase activity and lipid peroxidase level were reduced in the garlic-treated group compared to the diabetic group ( P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: Garlic reduced food and water intake, body weight, oxidative stress as well as improved lipid and glucose metabolism, suggesting its effectiveness for diabetes and overall metabolic health in a daily consumable diet.