Water scarcity is a critical issue in the Nile Basin of Uganda, affecting agricultural productivity and human well-being. The basin's diverse ecosystem faces significant challenges due to climate change and overexploitation, leading to conflicts among communities. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews. A total of 300 respondents were surveyed using structured questionnaires, supplemented by semi-structured interviews to gain deeper insights into conflict narratives. Survey results indicate that 65% of respondents perceive water scarcity as a significant threat to their livelihoods, while 42% report direct conflicts over limited water resources. Interviews revealed themes such as competition for irrigation water and disputes over fishery rights. The findings underscore the urgent need for integrated water management strategies that consider both human needs and ecological sustainability in the Nile Basin of Uganda. Policy recommendations include promoting community-based water management initiatives, implementing equitable water allocation policies, and enhancing public awareness campaigns to foster cooperation among stakeholders.
Ssebuloba et al. (Thu,) studied this question.