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This model proposes a cosmic cycle of contraction and expansion, suggesting an alternative to heat death implications.
This paper proposes a self-consistent cosmic eternal cycle model based on general relativity and loop quantum gravity, which attempts to explain dark energy, cosmic expansion, and the heat death dilemma through a bidirectional black hole-white hole wall-breaking mechanism. The model suggests that the universe is not in a one-way expansion, but in a continuous cycle of contraction and expansion, thus avoiding the heat death end state.
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Tianci Yang (2026) studied this question.
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