What does this research mean for the field?

Time is emergent from cosmic expansion, leading to MOND-like dynamics that explain Milky Way rotation and predict new observable phenomena. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.NOVEL_FINDING. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.CHALLENGES_CONSENSUS.

What question did this study set out to answer?

The central aim is to reinterpret time as emerging from cosmic expansion rather than being a fundamental concept.

February 25, 2026Open Access

Emergent Time from Cosmic Expansion: A Geometric Reinterpretation of Gravitational Dynamics

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The central aim is to reinterpret time as emerging from cosmic expansion rather than being a fundamental concept.
Used cosmological perturbation theory focusing on the scale factor a(t) as the temporal variable.
Analyzed Einstein's field equations for geometric consistency across different scales.
Validated findings using the McVittie metric.
Demonstrated emergent MOND-like dynamics related to gravitational acceleration.
Found that cosmic expansion sets a limit on effective gravitational forces.
Identified predictions for data from future cosmic surveys, including time dilation corrections and a new transition radius.

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Implication

This proposal explores how cosmic expansion reveals time as emergent, suggesting new dynamics in gravity.

Cite This Study

Bartosz Łukasz Kustra (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/699e91fdf5123be5ed04fd6c https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18744376

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Emergent Time from Cosmic Expansion: A Geometric Reinterpretation of Gravitational Dynamics

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

Emergent Time from Cosmic Expansion: A Geometric Reinterpretation of Gravitational Dynamics

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

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