Vietnam–Laos Strategic Connection in the New Context: Opportunities and Challenges

The strategic connection between Vietnam and Laos is characterized by functional cooperation agreements spanning political–ideological, military, economic and cultural–social domains. This partnership aims to foster a new developmental state or a sustainable strategic space for both nations. The foundation of this connection is not solely based on geographical and demographic proximity but is significantly strengthened by the special friendship and solidarity between Vietnam and Laos, as well as practical necessities. Nonetheless, this strategic relationship also encompasses elements of competition and the exertion of Vietnam’s influence over Laos. In the current context, Vietnam and Laos must navigate competitive pressures from external partners, particularly China; seek resources, including domestic private enterprises; prioritize technical infrastructure connectivity and institutional innovation; and leverage advantages from various bilateral and multilateral cooperation mechanisms within the Mekong Subregion to enhance Vietnam–Laos strategic connectivity.