Forty years later: adult health and non-communicable disease following the 1984-1985 Great Ethiopian Famine - a retrospective cohort study.

Early-life famine exposure is associated with smaller adult size and several, but not all NCD risks. Lower DBP in survivors compared with matched controls is surprising and might reflect differential susceptibility to specific later-life health risks. Greater arterial stiffness underscores the need to identify both preclinical and clinical risk. In contrast to exposure in utero, risk was higher among those exposed during early childhood (0-2 years), preschool (2-5 years) and late childhood (5-10 years). The study underscores the need for a dual approach in low- and middle-income settings: tackling the immediate undernutrition while also anticipating and mitigating long-term NCD risk in populations exposed to early-life severe malnutrition or famine.