Impact of suction and viscous dissipation on MHD flow of Cu-Al ₂ O ₃ Hybrid nanofluid through a porous medium with heat source

This study presents a comprehensive numerical analysis of the effect of viscous dissipation on the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow of a hybrid nanofluid composed of copper (Cu) and aluminium oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles suspended in a base fluid. The controlling nonlinear partial differential equations are converted into a system of ordinary differential equations by the use of similarity transformations. The combined impact of magnetic field strength and volumetric heat source on velocity and temperature fields is examined in detail, providing new physical insights. The Keller–Box technique is used to numerically solve these equations. The influence of critical dimensionless parameters on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles, along with the skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number, is meticulously examined and depicted through comprehensive graphical representations and systematically arranged tabular data. This parametric work yields valuable insights for the design and optimization of innovative thermal and mass transport systems that include hybrid nanofluids, porous media, and reactive magnetohydrodynamic flows.