The impact of lipid apheresis on changes of lipoprotein(a): a systematic review and meta-analysis

Aims Elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] are increasingly recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of lipid apheresis therapy on serum Lp(a) levels in a wide array of disorders, particularly CVDs. Methods and results Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to May 2025. Studies reporting pre- and post-treatment Lp(a) levels in participants undergoing lipid apheresis were included. A random-effects model was used when heterogeneity was significant. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. A total of 43 publications comprising 67 studies with 2466 participants were analysed. Lipid apheresis significantly reduced serum Lp(a) levels (SMD = −1.52; 95% CI = −1.76 to −1.29; P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses confirmed significant reductions across various methods of Lp(a) detection, disease backgrounds, and initial Lp(a) levels. One-session lipid apheresis studies (n = 6) also demonstrated a significant reduction (SMD = −1.51; 95% CI = −1.72 to −1.29; P < 0.001). Meta-regression suggested that publication year and disease background contributed to heterogeneity. Conclusion Lipid apheresis is effective in significantly lowering serum Lp(a) concentrations across a range of patient groups and treatment modalities. These findings support the therapeutic role of lipid apheresis in managing elevated Lp(a).