Entrepreneurship Ecosystems and Innovation Hubs in East Africa: A Mixed Methods Study from Egypt

Entrepreneurship ecosystems and innovation hubs have become critical drivers of economic development in many regions. However, their impact varies significantly across different contexts, particularly in East Africa. This mixed methods study employs a combination of qualitative interviews with key informants, quantitative surveys among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and secondary data analysis. The sample includes entrepreneurs, policymakers, and industry experts from various sectors across Egypt. The findings indicate that while there is significant support for entrepreneurship initiatives in urban centers such as Cairo and Alexandria, rural areas lag behind in terms of access to resources and networks. This study highlights the need for targeted interventions to bridge the gap between urban and rural regions within Egypt's ecosystem of innovation hubs and entrepreneurial supports. Recommendations include the development of a more inclusive policy framework that integrates digital platforms and community-based initiatives to enhance connectivity across different geographical areas.