Do Physicians in Saudi Arabia Truly Understand Interventional Radiology? A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Interventional radiology (IR) is a rapidly evolving specialty that involves minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, integration of IR into multidisciplinary care continues to expand; however, physicians’ knowledge and perceptions of IR remain underexplored. This study is the first national survey evaluating IR knowledge and perceptions among practicing physicians from multiple clinical specialties in the KSA. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 382 physicians across KSA using a structured 14-item survey evaluating demographics, IR knowledge, and perceptions. The questionnaire was reviewed by two interventional radiologists for content accuracy, and participants were recruited through healthcare-related social media channels. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and Chi-square testing ( P < 0.05) using SPSS version 29.0.0. Results: Of 382 physicians, 69.9% were aged <30 years, 62.0% were male, and 70.2% had <5 years of clinical experience. Correct knowledge of the IR training pathway (4 + 2 years) was identified by 62.6% of respondents. Most recognized IR as distinct from vascular surgery (87.7%). Self-rated knowledge was reported as poor (26.4%), adequate (49.2%), or good/excellent (24.4%). Greater interest in further IR education was significantly associated with older age ( P = 0.027) and >10 years of practice ( P = 0.047). Conclusion: Physicians in KSA generally acknowledge IR as a distinct and valuable specialty; however, notable gaps persist in training pathway awareness and perceived knowledge. The high demand for additional IR education supports the need for targeted initiatives, enhanced clinical exposure, and multidisciplinary educational strategies nationwide.