Systematic review reveals increased pollution levels and ecological disruption from oil and gas extraction in Angola, suggesting stricter regulations are needed.
Oil and gas extraction in Angola has significantly impacted marine and coastal environments over the last two decades. A comprehensive search strategy was employed using multiple databases, including Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus. Studies were screened based on predefined inclusion criteria related to environmental impacts and geographic location. The review identified a notable trend towards increased pollution levels in coastal waters due to oil spills and associated waste disposal activities. Oil and gas extraction has led to significant degradation of marine ecosystems, with visible signs of ecological disruption observed in both surface water and sediment samples. More stringent regulations are recommended to mitigate environmental damage from future oil and gas operations. The empirical specification follows Y=β₀+β^ X+ε, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
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Souza et al. (2003) studied this question.
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