Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Exercise-Induced Breath Metabolites, Lipids, and Proteins Using Wearable Cold-Mask Sampling

Physical exercise significantly influences human metabolism, and these changes can be reflected in exhaled breath. Although various breath analysis methods have been established to monitor exercise-induced physiological changes, they are typically limited to tracking a single class of biomarkers and thus pose a challenging task in providing comprehensive molecular information about exercise-related breath alterations. Herein, we developed a cold-mask device for monitoring physiological conditions and collecting human exhaled breath during pre- and postexercise states. Breath metabolites, lipids, and proteins were condensed from exhaled breath using the cold-mask and then analyzed using mass spectrometry-based multiomics analysis. Significant changes in metabolites, lipids, and proteins were observed in exhaled breath between pre- and postexercise states. The exercise-induced metabolic pathways were further elucidated based on the multiomics analysis. This study not only provides a promising wearable device for monitoring dynamic breath changes during exercise but also offers new insights into exercise-induced physiological processes.