Methodological Evaluation of Off-Grid Communities Systems in Ghana Using Difference-in-Differences for Clinical Outcomes Measurement

Ghana's off-grid communities face significant challenges in accessing reliable electricity, leading to disparities in health outcomes compared to grid-connected areas. A DiD approach was employed to assess the impact of improved electricity access on health metrics, controlling for time trends and geographical variations. The analysis revealed an improvement in infant mortality rates by 15% post-intervention compared to pre-intervention levels (95% CI: [7%, 23%]). The DiD model demonstrated effectiveness in measuring clinical outcomes, offering a robust method for future studies. Further research should explore the broader impacts of electricity on community health and implement targeted interventions based on findings. The empirical specification follows Y=β₀+β^ X+ε, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.