Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Ghana Using Panel Data for Risk Reduction Measurement

Public health surveillance systems play a crucial role in monitoring disease outbreaks and managing public health risks in Ghana. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify and analyse peer-reviewed articles on public health surveillance systems in Ghana. Panel-data estimation techniques were employed to assess the impact of these systems on reducing public health risks. Panel-data analysis revealed a significant positive correlation (p < 0.01) between investment in public health surveillance and reductions in communicable disease incidence by 25% within five years. The reviewed systems demonstrated effective risk reduction, with panel data showing substantial improvements in infectious disease control. Future research should focus on enhancing the integration of traditional surveillance methods with advanced technologies to further improve public health outcomes. Treatment effect was estimated with logit(pᵢ)=β₀+β^ Xᵢ, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.