What question did this study set out to answer?

The study aims to explore how caregivers' mind-mindedness during interactions relates to infants' expressive vocabulary across different contexts.

Mind-mindedness in context: A comparison of measures from structured and naturalistic conditions and their associations with expressive vocabulary

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Compares mind-mindedness measures in structured and natural interactions, revealing implications for vocabulary development in infants.

The study aims to explore how caregivers' mind-mindedness during interactions relates to infants' expressive vocabulary across different contexts.
Measured maternal mind-mindedness during interactions with infants in two conditions: structured play and naturalistic routine activities.
Analyzed 79 mother-infant dyads with infants averaging 17.1 months in age.
Assessed the consistency of mind-mindedness measures between conditions and their relationship with infants' vocabulary.
Overall mind-mindedness was found to be consistent between structured and naturalistic contexts.
References to infants' desires and preferences showed consistency, while those to cognitions and emotions did not.
Only emotional references from the naturalistic context correlated with enhanced expressive vocabulary in infants.

Lindig et al. (2026) studied this question.

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