This study examines how employer–employee relationships are constructed in Saudi Labor Law using systemic functional linguistics, with a focus on the interpersonal metafunction. Addressing a research gap in the linguistic analysis of legal texts, the study employs both quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze seventy-two key sections of the law. The findings reveal that modal verbs such as “shall,” “must,” and “may” are pivotal in articulating obligations, permissions, and prohibitions, shaping power dynamics and ensuring compliance. Additionally, imperative forms and declarative statements establish legal norms, define roles, and delineate rights and responsibilities, reinforcing workplace regulations. By highlighting the strategic use of modality and mood, the study underscores the role of precise legal language in regulating labor relations. The implications of this research extend to policymakers, legal practitioners, and scholars, advocating for legal reforms that enhance clarity, equity, and effectiveness in labor law frameworks.
Abdulaziz Al Qahtani (2026) studied this question.