This review summarizes the molecular features and release mechanisms of cf-mtDNA, indicating its clinical relevance as a diagnostic marker.
Since its discovery, cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) has emerged as a promising non-invasive molecular marker for disease diagnosis and prognosis. However, the biological origins of cf-mtDNA remain incompletely understood, which limits its clinical applications. This review comprehensively summarizes the molecular characteristics, release mechanisms, and diagnostic applications of cf-mtDNA. By discussing standardization of cf-mtDNA detection methods, this review aims to provide theoretical foundations for clinical translation of this emerging biomarker.
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Liu et al. (2026) studied this question.
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