Nucleic acid-based therapeutics to restore joint homeostasis in age-related and post-traumatic arthritis

Osteoarthritis, a complex genetic disease, involves disrupted joint homeostasis driven by catabolic and inflammatory processes. Traditional therapies offer limited success. This review explores nucleic acid-based therapeutics—siRNA, miRNA, and mRNA—as a promising strategy for restoring balance by modulating gene expression. Nanoplatforms enable precise delivery of these molecules, offering potential for disease-modifying interventions. Emphasis is placed on advancing RNA therapies tailored to the disease stage for effective disease management.