The process of Israel relations formally began with the moment of diplomatic relations in 1992, and then their bilateral cooperation gradually grew and developed into a multifaceted and extensive one. During the initial years, the association was mainly on defence procurement and modest strategic discussion however with time, the association extended to technology, agriculture, water management, inner security, and innovation. This co-operation has taken on a new impetus and intensiveness owing to the change in Indian foreign policy and security policy, and in particular after 2014. The current government has made it a strategic priority to relate with Israel and has given it a structural relationships framework by open political visits on a high level, working groups with Israel, and mechanisms of institutions. This is best observed in the case of defence and technology. Although cooperation was decidedly an area of buyer-seller relationship in the past, it has adopted a new direction towards shared research and development (R&D), rather co-production, technology transfer and an innovation-based strategy. Joint efforts of the two nations have encouraged collaborative efforts in development of advanced missile systems, drone technology, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, electronic warfare systems as well as border surveillance devices. This has not just seen a boost in the defence strengths of India but has also been conducive to local production, in accordance with government initiatives like, Atmanirbhar Bharat and Make in India. The bilateral defence trade has increased tremendously within the last decade and involved the presence of the private sector and start-up companies. Institutionalization by sharing knowledge has been achieved through joint venture and industrial alliances. Hence, India-Israel relationships are not restricted to address to strategic requirements, rather they have been incorporated into a larger scope of vision about long-term technological co-operation, as well as strategic self-sufficiency.
Verma et al. (Sun,) studied this question.