In recent decades, several environmental parameters such as climate change, expanding urbanization, deforestation, and land use land cover change resulted in various environmental issues. To evaluate and observe these impacts, this study indicated the Land Surface Temperature (LST), and some spectral indices including Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Bareness Index (NDBaI), and Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI) in the Burdur Basin for the years between 2014-2025. Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing technologies were integrated by using the images obtained from multi-temporal Landsat satellites to calculate correlation analysis, temporal changes, and spatial distribution of indices used in this study over the Burdur Basin. Based on the results of this study, LST values increased especially in the northeastern and central parts of the basin in 2016 and 2019. Although no significant variation was seen for NDBI and NDBaI values during the studied period, slight upward changes were partly observed in 2018. NDVI values varied between -0.36 and 0.68 while those values were observed mostly stable over years. A very weak positive correlation analysis was indicated between LST and NDVI. Additionally, the relationship between LST and NDBI, and NDBaI produced a moderately positive correlation between 2014-2025. The results indicated that, expanding urban and bare soil areas, resulted in increased LST values. In contrast, presence of vegetation can help to reduce surface temperature. To conclude, this study proved that, the presence of vegetation, urbanization, and land use and land cover properties has an impact on LST values over the Burdur Basin. Furthermore, this study indicated that integrating GIS and Remote Sensing technologies are valuable technique to evaluate temporal and spatial environmental changes.
Erkan Karakoyun (Fri,) studied this question.