Community-Based Agriculture Extension Programmes Among Smallholder Women Farmers in Western Kenya: Adoption and Yield Enhancements,

Community-based agriculture extension programmes have been implemented to enhance agricultural productivity among smallholder women farmers in Western Kenya. A systematic search was conducted using electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria related to community-based agriculture extension programmes targeting smallholder women farmers in Western Kenya. The review identified several studies reporting significant yield enhancements ranging from 15% to 30%, with adoption rates varying between 40% and 60%. Community-based agriculture extension programmes have demonstrated potential for enhancing agricultural productivity among smallholder women farmers in Western Kenya. Further research should investigate the long-term sustainability of these programmes, focusing on factors such as resource allocation, community engagement, and technological adoption. Model estimation used θ̂=argminθ∑ᵢ(yᵢ,f_θ(xᵢ))+λθ₂², with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.