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The aim is to clarify misconceptions regarding closed timelike curves and their implications for temporal ontology and order.

March 3, 2026Open Access

No Cycles in Acts: A Polemical Reply to Friebe (2016) on CTCs, "Time Direction," and Presentist Consolations

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The aim is to clarify misconceptions regarding closed timelike curves and their implications for temporal ontology and order.
Critically assess existing philosophical arguments on CTCs.
Distinguish between act-order, access-order, and representation-order.
Introduce the minimal initiation postulate (Act₀) to support the argument.
CTC-based arguments incorrectly attribute representational failures to ontological issues.
Cycles may occur within models but do not affect the order of acts.
Maintains irreversibility and responsibility without adopting presentism or block-universality.

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Argues against misconceptions of temporal order in philosophical discussions on CTCs, suggesting a need for careful ontology interpretation.

Alexey A. Nekludoff (2026) studied this question.

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Argues against misconceptions of temporal order in philosophical discussions on CTCs, suggesting a need for careful ontology interpretation.