Assessing Inputs Using a Novel Inverse Two-Stage FDH Model with Undesirable Outputs

Key Points

• The aim is to assess inputs in various processes considering undesirable outputs through a novel model.
• Developed a novel inverse two-stage FDH model.
• Applied the model to various ecological and economic scenarios.
• Evaluated the performance based on undesirable outputs.
• Demonstrated improvements in assessing undesirable outputs.
• Showed the model's effectiveness in various applications.
• Indicated potential for better decision-making in ecological economics.