Extremal oriented graphs avoiding 1-subdivision of an in-star

Key Points

• Extremal oriented graphs are formulated to exclude 1-subdivisions of in-stars, demonstrating significant structural properties.
• Observational analysis reveals that specific configurations avoid subdivisions, especially in larger graphs.
• Combinatorial optimization techniques are applied to assess the limits of avoiding in-star subdivisions in oriented graphs.
• This work highlights potential applications in network design and complexity theory.