A clinicopathological and spatial feature-based nomogram for individualized prediction of axillary lymph node involvement in breast cancer

Key Points

• Individualized prediction of axillary lymph node involvement was achieved using a novel nomogram.
• The analysis included clinicopathological and spatial features from breast cancer patients.
• Model accuracy was validated with a significant predictive capability, potentially improving treatment strategies.
• Utility of the nomogram supports personalized approaches in assessing lymph node status in clinical settings.