In this study, a novel subphthalocyanine-substituted calix4arene (Calix-Sub) fluorophore was designed and synthesized. Its structure was characterized by FT-IR, MALDI-TOF, 1H-NMR, and elemental analyses. Calixarenes are promising sensors due to their rigid structures, complexation abilities, and selectivity, while subphthalocyanine provides strong fluorescence behaviour. The Calix-Sub sensor exhibited a "turn-off" fluorescence response toward Cu(II) ions and a "turn-on" response upon addition of tebuconazole pesticide, demonstrating its potential as an optical sensor. The system enabled quantification of tebuconazole in a linear range of 0.33-2.05 mmol L-1 with a detection limit of 0.53 mmol L-1. The sensor showed high selectivity and a clear fluorescence response toward tebuconazole over other metal ions and pesticides. Analytical parameters, including selectivity, precision, sensitivity, and recovery were optimized for environmental sample analysis.
Güngör et al. (Thu,) studied this question.