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Observational analysis demonstrates surgical and nonsurgical outcomes in athletes and nonathletes, implying broader GPS management applicability.
Under a standardized diagnostic-therapeutic algorithm, both athletes and nonathletes with GPS demonstrated significant improvement. Surgery, particularly robotic TAPP mesh repair, significantly improved outcomes in nonathletes. These findings extend GPS management beyond the elite, young, male athlete.
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Ayhan et al. (2026) studied this question.
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