The global, regional, and national burden of non-rheumatic degenerative mitral valve disease from 1990 to 2021 and forecast for 2050

Figures

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  Figure 1. Age-standardized rate and number of cases of incidence (A,E), prevalence (B,F), deaths (C,G), and DALYs (D,H) of DMVD in both sexes combined in 204 countries around the world in 2021. DALYs, disability-adjusted life years; DMVD, degenerative mitral valve disease. World maps generated using the ggmap package (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ggmap/index.html), licensed under GPLv2.

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  Figure 2. EAPC for the age-standardized rate of incidence (A), prevalence (B), deaths (C), and DALYs (D) for DMVD in different countries and regions from 1990 to 2021. EAPC, estimated annual percentage change; DALYs, disability-adjusted life years; DMVD, degenerative mitral valve disease. World maps generated using the ggmap package (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ggmap/index.html), licensed under GPLv2.

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  Figure 3. Prediction of age-standardized rate and number of cases of incidence (A), prevalence (B), deaths (C), and DALYs (D) by sex using ES model for 2022–2050. DALYs, disability-adjusted life years; ES, exponential smoothing.

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  Figure 4. Prediction of age-standardized rate and number of cases of incidence (A), prevalence (B), deaths (C), and DALYs (D) by sex using ARIMA model for 2022–2050. Bars represent case counts, while curves depict ASR. DALYs, disability-adjusted life years; ARIMA, autoregressive integrated moving average; ASR, age-standardized rates.

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  Figure 5. Analysis of the frontier based on the SDI and age-standardized rates of ASIR (A), ASPR (C), ASDR (E), and ASDALYR (G) for DMVD from 1990 to 2021 is presented. The frontier is marked in solid black, with countries and territories depicted as dots. A frontier analysis highlighting the relationship between SDI and age-standardized rate of ASIR (B,D,F,H) for DMVD in 2021 is also provided. Yellow dots represent an increase from 1990 to 2021, while dark green dots show a decrease in these rates over the same period. SDI, sociodemographic index; DALYs, disability-adjusted life years; ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; ASPR, age-standardized prevalence rate; ASDR, age-standardized deaths rate; ASDALYR, age-standardized DALYs rate; DMVD, degenerative mitral valve disease.

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  Figure 6. Health inequality regression curves and concentration curves for DMVD in relation to DALYs worldwide, 1990 and 2021. DMVD, degenerative mitral valve disease; val, value; DALYs, disability-adjusted life years; SDI, sociodemographic index.