March 3, 2026Geosfera IndonesiaOpen Access

Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Noyyal River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India

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Assessment evaluates heavy metal risks in children and adults, suggesting urgent health interventions are needed.

Heavy metal concentrations in groundwater pose significant non-carcinogenic hazards, especially for children.
Hazard quotients for lead and nickel exceed safe levels, indicating health risks through ingestion.
Assessment used the US EPA guidelines and analyzed samples from 48 locations in the Noyyal river basin.
Cadmium and nickel present high cancer risks, highlighting the need for public health measures.

Madhumitha et al. (2025) studied this question.

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