Replacing Na2O and CaO simultaneously with Li2O to increase the loading of MoO3 in a borosilicate glass without the crystallization of molybdates

Key Points

• Replacing Na2O and CaO with Li2O leads to a higher loading of MoO3 without crystallization.
• Molybdates formation is prevented, enabling better glass stability and performance.
• Analysis was performed on the glass's crystallization behavior when doped with MoO3 and modified with Li2O.
• These findings may enhance the application of borosilicate glass in various industrial uses.