Effect of heat input and welding direction on microstructure and mechanical properties of electron beam welded nickel-based superalloy joints processed by laser powder bed fusion

Key Points

• Mechanical properties improve with optimized heat input and welding direction, enhancing joint strength.
• A notable increase in tensile strength—up to 25%—is observed when optimal conditions are applied.
• Electron beam welding techniques applied on nickel-based superalloys were analyzed for their microstructural changes.
• These findings support improved welding practices for enhanced performance in high-temperature applications.