Moisture migration, ice lenses and frost heave characteristics of soils under one-dimensional freezing action: A critical literature review

Key Points

• Frost heave affects soil stability, particularly in cold climates, and can cause significant structural damage.
• The review synthesizes findings on ice lenses and moisture migration, highlighting key thermal properties of soils.
• Analytical methods and experimental data from various studies on one-dimensional freezing action were assessed systematically.
• Understanding these mechanisms may enhance the design of civil engineering structures in freeze-thaw environments.