A Systematic Review of Methods to Measure Adherence to Oral Anticancer Medications in African Women With Breast Cancer at Initiation, Implementation, and Discontinuation of Therapy.

The implementation phase was the most commonly assessed. Initiation and discontinuation phases were relatively less assessed. Self-report measures were the most frequently used, but the reliability and validity of these measures are lacking, hence limiting the evidence to guide practice. Thus, measures with sound psychometric properties, including reliability and validity, that can assess OAM adherence across its three phases are needed to improve adherence measurement and patient outcomes, particularly in Africa.