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March 4, 2026Food Science and Human Wellness1 citationsOpen Access

Procyanidin B2 Enhances Insulin Sensitivity via IRS1/PI3K/AKT-Nrf2-GSK3β Pathway

Procyanidin B2 improves insulin resistance by regulating the IRS1/PI3K/AKT-Nrf2-GSK3 based on computational biology, molecular evidence and direct binding proof

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Authors

WYWenli YangSCShiyun ChenRTRong Tong

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Overview

Network pharmacology analysis reveals procyanidin B2 improves insulin resistance, suggesting therapeutic potential.

Key Points

  • The aim is to investigate the effects of procyanidin B2 on insulin resistance and its underlying mechanisms.
  • Conducted antioxidant and digestive enzyme inhibition tests to evaluate PB2's effects.
  • Used network pharmacology to identify key pathways influenced by PB2.
  • Performed molecular docking and Pull-Down assays to demonstrate direct interactions with signaling proteins.
  • Validated findings through in vivo experiments assessing the role of PI3K/AKT-Nrf2-GSK3β signaling.
  • Procyanidin B2 exhibited limited antioxidant and digestive enzyme inhibitory properties.
  • Enhanced glycogen synthesis through activation of the PI3K/AKT-Nrf2 pathway.
  • Reduced gluconeogenesis by increasing FoxO1 phosphorylation and decreasing G6Pase expression.
  • Molecular docking confirmed direct binding of PB2 to AKT, Nrf2, and GSK3β, supporting the formation of a PB2-Nrf2-GSK3β complex.
  • Co-treatment with inhibitors highlighted the importance of Nrf2 activation for PB2's effects on insulin resistance.
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Cite This Study

Yang et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69a7cc8ed48f933b5eed83aehttps://doi.org/10.26599/fshw.2026.9250965
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