Comparison of preoperative and intraoperative cultures for predicting postoperative urinary tract infections following supine PCNL

Intraoperative SC and RPUC showed a stronger association with postoperative UTI compared with PMUC and may be considered for routine use. Female gender and ASA-3 score were identified as independent risk factors. In patients who develop UTI, prior empirical or prophylactic antibiotic use may limit pathogen detection in postoperative urine cultures; therefore, intraoperative cultures play a critical role in early and targeted treatment.