The SWI/SNF Chromatin-Remodeling Complex is a Crucial Regulator of Gene Expression Both in Physiological and Pathological States

SWI/SNF is a multi-functional multi-subunit protein complex that changes the structure of chromatin and regulates the access of transcription factors to DNA. It accomplishes this by rearranging nucleosomes, facilitating the process of gene transcription. Various combinations of its subunits form specific complexes, such as BAF, GBAF, and PBAF, which are involved in various cellular processes. These complexes play a role in development, differentiation, stress response and DNA repair. The specificity of SWI/SNF's action is determined by its subunit composition, the cellular environment, and interactions with epigenetic marks, which fine-tunes gene transcription. Disruptions in its composition or function are often associated with cancerous and neurodegenerative conditions, highlighting its importance in maintaining cellular homeostasis.