Key result
Cardiometabolic disease prevalence among Hungarian adults declined ~27% between 2009 and 2019.
Cross-Sectional (n=16,480)
Odds Ratio: 0.73 (95% CI 0.57–0.94)
Absolute Event Rate: 4.1% vs 5.6%
p-value: p=0.013
The prevalence of cardiometabolic disease in Hungary decreased between 2009 and 2019, indicating progress in prevention, though disparities persist among older adults, men, urban residents, and those with specific clinical or behavioral risk factors.
Declining prevalence may signal population health gains in Hungary; leaves open causal drivers and does not yet inform clinical practice.
BACKGROUND: Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), including cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome, are major global health concerns. In Hungary, CVD mortality remains above the OECD average, and diabetes prevalence is increasing. This study examines the association between sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and the risk of CMDs among Hungarian adults, using population-based data collected between 2009 and 2019. METHODS: A repeated cross-sectional design was used to analyze data from the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) in Hungary for the years 2009, 2014, and 2019 (n = 16,480). CMD was defined as self-reported diagnosis of both CVD and diabetes. Weighted proportions, Pearson's chi-squared tests, and multiple binary logistic regression models were applied to identify associations between CMD and sociodemographic (sex, age, education, employment, income, residence), behavioral (BMI, smoking, alcohol use), and clinical risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia). Predicted probabilities were estimated using marginal effects. RESULTS: Prevalence of CMD fell by 27% in 2019 (OR = 0.73 [0.57-0.94], P = 0.013), with predicted probability declining from 5.6% to 4.1%. Younger age (< 35: OR = 0.01, P < 0.001; 35-64: OR = 0.68, P = 0.002), female sex (OR = 0.65, P < 0.001), and employment (OR = 0.32, P < 0.001) were protective. CMD risk was higher in urban areas (OR = 1.44, P = 0.048), alcohol users (OR = 1.35, P = 0.004), those with hypertension (OR = 3.83, P < 0.001), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 3.10, P < 0.001), mental illness (OR = 1.49, P = 0.027), and depression (OR = 1.63, P = 0.001). Normal BMI reduced risk (OR = 0.48, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of CMD in Hungary decreased between 2009 and 2019, indicating progress in prevention and risk factor management. However, disparities persist among older adults, men, and urban residents. Targeted screening, lifestyle interventions, and mental health support are essential to strengthen the management of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Nguyen et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Cardiometabolic disease (n=16,480). Survey year 2019 vs. Survey year 2009 was evaluated on Prevalence of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57-0.94, p=0.013). The prevalence of cardiometabolic disease among Hungarian adults decreased significantly in 2019 compared to 2009 (OR 0.73), with the predicted probability declining from 5.6% to 4.1%.
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