Knowledge of the effect of chemical and botanical insecticides on pests and natural enemies is essential for improving integrated management programs of fruit flies. The study aimed at evaluating the toxic and sublethal effects of botanical insecticides and extracts on Anastrepha obliqua and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata. Botanical insecticides and extracts composed of the following were applied to fruit flies or parasitoids: a methanol extract of Aspidosperma spruceanum leaves (MLAS), ethanol extract of Metrodorea maracasana bark (EBMM), hexane extract of Conchocarpus mastigophorus leaves (HLCM), ethanol extract of C. mastigophorus leaves (ELCM), ethyl acetate extract of Xylopia sericea leaves (ALXS), and oil Aleurites moluccana seed (OSAM) in single concentration of 70 mg mL− 1. I addition the insecticides Azamax® (5 mL L− 1) and Natuneem® (10 mL L− 1) were applied. Extract EBMM and the two insecticides were used to investigate the lethal effect on the A. obliqua and parasitoid, and extract ELCM was used only in parasitoid. The extract EBMM was also evaluated on A. obliqua at concentrations of 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 mg mL− 1. Sublethal effects was carried out with commercial products based on neem and water in adults A. obliqua. Azamax® and the extracts EBMM, ELCM, and HLCM were toxic to A. obliqua. Natuneem® and the extracts ELCM and EBMM were harmless to adults of the D. longicaudata. Azamax® was considered slightly harmful to the parasitoid. The extract EBMM was harmless to adults D. longicaudata or larvae of C. capitata and moderately harmful in the double application (adult D. longicaudata or larvae of C. capitata). Extract EBMM has the potential for bioprospecting, aiming at tephritid management.
Costa et al. (Mon,) studied this question.