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March 5, 2026NAR Genomics and BioinformaticsOpen Access

Mapping the inter- and intra-genic codon-usage landscape in Homo sapiens

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Authors

MAMaahil ArshadMUMatthew UchmanowiczVRV. B. Rana

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Overview

Evaluates codon-usage bias in humans, reinforcing its role in translation and protein dynamics.

Key Points

  • The study aims to evaluate codon-usage bias in humans and its functional implications on translation and protein folding.
  • Conducted a comprehensive analysis of human codon usage patterns
  • Compared genes with strong codon bias to biological processes
  • Analyzed synonymous variant frequencies and their correlations with codon usage
  • Evaluated codon optimization in structured versus disordered protein regions
  • Corrected for GC3 content to assess translational selection effects
  • Codon-usage bias is linked to high-stoichiometry biological processes like skin development and gas transport
  • Genes with strong codon bias contain fewer synonymous variants than expected (ρ = −0.24, P < 2.2 × 10−16)
  • Codon optimization is more pronounced in structured protein domains (Cliff’s Δ= 0.26, P < 2.2 × 10−16)
  • Most frequently used codons have higher transfer RNA gene copy numbers (ρ = 0.49, P < 6.4 × 10−4)
  • Correcting for GC3 reveals no direct relationship between codon adaptation indices and selection.

Cite This Study

Arshad et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69a91d9bd6127c7a504c08e2https://doi.org/10.1093/nargab/lqag024
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