What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to document fruit production in predominantly staminate plants of Portulacaria pygmaea and explore its implications for sexual expression.

Evidence of gynodioecy in Portulacaria pygmaea: Fruit production on predominantly staminate plants

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Observations show gynodioecy and fruit production in predominantly staminate Portulacaria pygmaea, suggesting sexual flexibility.

The aim is to document fruit production in predominantly staminate plants of Portulacaria pygmaea and explore its implications for sexual expression.
Identified fruit development on predominantly staminate plants of Portulacaria pygmaea during cultivation in Japan.
Conducted controlled pollination to validate fertility by confirming successful fertilization of female flowers.
Monitored a collection of over 20 cultivated plants under greenhouse and outdoor conditions.
Fruit developed on predominantly staminate plants, contrary to prior classifications as strictly dioecious.
Pollen from male flowers successfully fertilized female flowers, resulting in viable seeds with embryos.
Young seedlings exhibited characteristics of gynodioecy, indicating a propensity for sexual lability.

Takuya Kagawa (2026) studied this question.

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