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The study aims to understand the weathering processes affecting red sandstone in the Xumishan Grottoes to aid conservation efforts.

March 5, 2026SustainabilityOpen Access

Sustainable Conservation of the Xumishan Grottoes: Weathering Characteristics and Causes of Red Sandstone Surfaces

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Analysis reveals key weathering factors in red sandstone at Xumishan Grottoes, indicating preservation needs.

The study aims to understand the weathering processes affecting red sandstone in the Xumishan Grottoes to aid conservation efforts.
Conducted scientific analysis using SEM-EDS, XRD, XRF, and IC techniques.
Integrated the lithology of red sandstone with its depositional environment for a comprehensive study.
Investigated chemical factors causing weathering and efflorescence in sandstone.
Red sandstone primarily consists of muddy siltstone with gypsum and mirabilite.
Salt migration and enrichment within the sandstone trigger efflorescence and flaking.
Environmental conditions including temperature changes and moisture influence the weathering process.

Mao et al. (2026) studied this question.

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