By integrating a triple-action strategy of 'synergistic formulation, optimized translocation, and immune activation', Federal-3 improves penetration efficiency under relatively high temperatures and enables rapid uptake, efficient systemic movement, and sustained protection. This agent represents an efficient and reliable innovative solution, advancing PWD management towards proactive prevention and sustainable control. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.
Yang et al. (Mon,) studied this question.