Intravitreal dexamethasone implant in epiretinal membrane-associated diabetic macular edema refractory to anti-VEGF therapy: a visual performance and retinal ultra-structural analysis.

DEX implant could be a reliable and effective therapeutic alternative for ERM-associated DME resistant to anti-VEGFs, particularly during the first 3 months of treatment, when it appears to be most effective. A single DEX implant can produce a satisfactory and reasonably safe response, and the treatment can be repeated even after the implant's potency has gradually declined. Importantly, improved BCVA and retinal ultra-structure following DEX implant could lessen the need for ERM surgery and multiple intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. If ERM-associated DME persists despite multiple DEX implants, surgery should be considered.