Energy potential of orange peel waste in the Brazilian context

Brazil is one of the world's leading producers and processors of oranges, reaching 13 million tons in the 2024/25 harvest, which represents nearly 29% of global output. Approximately half of the fruit's weight corresponds to pulp, comprising peel, membranes, and seeds, a co-product with substantial potential for use in thermal energy conversion systems. This review aimed to map and assess recent research on the valorization of orange peel waste (OPW), examining the relationship between global productivity, the types of waste generated, their applicability in alternative energy conversion routes, and advances reported in the scientific literature. The combined bibliometric and technical analysis revealed sustained growth in publications and enabled the identification of emerging trends, innovative methodological approaches, and persistent research gaps concerning the energy use of OPW. The findings indicate a growing interest in sustainable solutions aligned with the bioeconomy and the broader energy transition. In this context, the energetic valorization of OPW emerges as a promising strategy to mitigate environmental impacts, support decarbonization, and foster the development of renewable energy conversion technologies. • In 2024, Brazil's energy mix reached a 50% share of renewable sources. • Valuation of OPW biomass through thermal conversion pathways for heat generation. • Integration of OPW as a strategy to mitigate environmental impacts and support SDGs. • Global bibliometric mapping of OPW applications.