Analysis of Constructive Solutions of Entrance Sections in Fifteenth–sixteenth Century Historical Monuments of Central Asia

This paper examines the constructive solutions of entrance compositions in Central Asian architectural monuments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The study focuses on portals, iwans, vestibules, load-bearing systems, arches, dome transitions, and the structural logic underlying decorative layers. Case studies from Samarkand, Bukhara, and Khiva highlight the integration of ceremonial expression, climatic adaptation, and structural stability. The findings contribute to methodological guidance for restoration practice and contemporary architectural design.