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March 6, 2026Chemical & Biomedical Imaging4 citationsOpen Access

Spatiotemporal and Digital Electrochemiluminescence Imaging for Intelligent Quantitative Biosensing

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YZYu ZhengUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaJXJinwei XiaoUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaTETadele EtichaUniversity of Science and Technology of China

Key Points

  • To explore the evolution and advancements in electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging techniques for quantitative biosensing.
  • Review of advances in spatiotemporal resolution techniques and digitalization methods in ECL imaging.
  • Analysis of innovations including nanoscale confinement and asymmetric nanostructures.
  • Assessment of the role of artificial intelligence in enhancing ECL imaging capabilities.
  • ECL imaging now facilitates single-entity level detection and dynamic tracking.
  • Innovative materials and techniques enable brighter, more localized emissions for improved sensitivity.
  • A coherent framework is established for scalable, excitation-free biosensing applications.

Abstract

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging has progressed from a sensitive-intensity-based detection method to a powerful analytical platform capable of resolving biological and chemical heterogeneity at the single-entity level. This review maps the evolution of ECL imaging along three major axes: (i) spatiotemporal resolution, enabled by advanced luminophores, confined and built-in coreactant pathways, nanozyme catalysis, and 3D emissive-layer control; (ii) digitalization, in which analog luminescence is converted into discrete, statistically robust events for ultrasensitive quantification; and (iii) intelligent analysis, where artificial intelligence enhances denoising, emitter localization, dynamic tracking, multiplexed decoding, and kinetic inference. Mechanistic innovations─such as nanoscale confinement, intramolecular coreactant design, in situ conversion of endogenous metabolites, and asymmetric nanostructures─provide brighter, more localized, and biocompatible emission sources. Parallel advances in materials (metal nanoclusters, quantum dots, perovskites, AIE luminogens, Janus particles), imaging platforms (SECL/PECL modes, super-resolution strategies, microfluidics, smartphone/Raspberry-Pi devices, and large-scale bipolar-electrode arrays), and digital/AI pipelines collectively enable the high-fidelity capture of dynamic processes from single molecules to complex 3D spheroids. Together, these developments establish a coherent spatiotemporal–digital–intelligent framework and position ECL imaging as a versatile, scalable, and excitation-free modality for next-generation biosensing, clinical diagnostics, drug screening, environmental monitoring, and functional material characterization.

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Cite This Study

Zheng et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69aa6f3c531e4c4a9ff59558https://doi.org/10.1021/cbmi.5c00257
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