A trial introduction of willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus alleni)

Experimental introductions of willow ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus alleni) to Nova Scotia were effected in 1968 and 1969. Both adult birds and chicks were introduced. The source area was Brunette Island, Newfoundland, and the release area was Scatarie Island, Cape Breton County, Nova Scotia. Mortality during the holding period was excessive in 1968 with only 33.3% of the adults and 25.6% of the chicks surviving to be released. Mortality was reduced in 1969 with 80% of the adults and 60% of the chicks surviving to release date. The reduction in mortality was attributed primarily to improved methods of handling, feeding, and transport. A violent release of 24 birds in 1968 was considered a failure as an extensive spring census in 1969 resulted in locating only one cock. A gentle release of 63 birds in 1969 produced satisfactory results as six territorial pairs were located in the 1970 spring census. These results, together with reported sightings during the fall and winter of 1969-70, indicate that these gentle released birds developed an affinity for the release area. One nest containing 13 eggs (12 hatched) was discovered and two other broods (one possible renest effort) were discovered. One of the other three pairs located apparently failed to successfully produce a brood while the other two pairs were not sighted in the brood rearing season. All birds released were taken from an increasing population and the physiological condition of the birds when released was considered poor to fair in 1968 and good in 1969. Various census techniques, and modifications thereof, were used to evaluate the introductions. Predation should not be a controlling factor, although nest predation could be important. Climate and vegetation were compared between source and release areas and neither should limit the success of this introduction.