Oil Extraction Perceptions and Impacts on Marine and Coastal Environments in Angola,

Oil extraction in Angola has significantly impacted marine and coastal environments since its inception in . A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews was employed to gather data from key informants including government officials, local communities, and industry representatives. A survey revealed that 70% of respondents perceived oil extraction as beneficial but acknowledged environmental degradation. Interviews identified specific threats such as habitat destruction (45%) and pollution (32%). The findings highlight the need for improved stakeholder engagement, stricter regulatory frameworks, and community-based conservation initiatives to balance economic growth with ecological preservation. Implement comprehensive environmental impact assessments, establish marine protected areas, and promote transparent communication between stakeholders and affected communities. Oil Extraction, Stakeholder Perceptions, Environmental Impacts, Sustainable Development, Angola The empirical specification follows Y=β₀+β^ X+ε, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.