Synthesis of phthalocyanines and related compounds

This paper provides a review of synthesis of the phthalocyanines containing various macrocycles at the peripheral position of the benzene rings. They are expected to be suitable to change the chemical and physical properties toward the need of technologycal applications. In addition, transition and alkali metal phthalocyanine complexes especially rare-earth bis phthalocyanines, are object of intense investigations for their unique optical and electrochemical properties. The methodology of synthesis, purification and yield varies the structural designation which is restricted and depends on the starting compounds.