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Investigate refusal strategies in Jordanian Arabic and Mandarin Chinese, analyzing gender differences and cultural contexts.

March 7, 2026AmpersandOpen Access

Refusals in Jordanian Arabic and Chinese: A cross-cultural pragmatic study of language and gender

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Cross-cultural pragmatic study examines refusal strategies in Jordanian Arabic and Mandarin Chinese, highlighting gender differences.

Investigate refusal strategies in Jordanian Arabic and Mandarin Chinese, analyzing gender differences and cultural contexts.
Used a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative analyses.
Data collected via a Written Discourse Completion Task (WDCT) with 128 participants.
Applied Beebe et al.'s (1990) framework for analyzing refusal strategies.
Both groups preferred indirect refusal strategies over direct ones.
Chinese speakers used more indirect strategies than Jordanians.
Jordanian females used wish strategies more than males, while Chinese males used more adjuncts.
Jordanian refusals often included religious elements, while Chinese emphasized politeness markers.

Rabab'ah et al. (2026) studied this question.

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